Moves by big firms such as Exxon and Shell are increasing the pressure on owners to choose between serving Russian and non-Russian interests.

The compromise persuaded Germany, the EU’s biggest gas consumer but a sceptic over price caps, to back the plans.

The ship’s arrival during northwest Europe’s first major cold snap this winter highlights the need for new gas supplies after Russia slashed deliveries in retaliation for the continent’s support for Ukraine.

The comments leave unanswered questions about how tankers moving Russia’s oil will get insurance if international firms don’t do so.

John Bell, head of the Department of Supply Chain Management at the University of Tennessee, explains why food processors and other industries are facing a critical shortage of carbon dioxide.

The tanker buildup is the first sign of the impact of the cap on the international oil market, which has been upended by the war in Ukraine.

Diplomats have been under pressure to nail down the cap plan before EU sanctions on seaborne Russian oil kick in December 5.

The smuggling process builds on operations in Russian-occupied Ukraine, where trucks have moved stolen grain through a clandestine system to Crimea.

An Environmental Protection Agency proposal released December 1 invites public feedback on an array of changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard.

Under the agreements, Chevron will take over operations at an oil upgrading facility where it will process about 1 million barrels of crude to be shipped to U.S. refiners.