Liner shipping has had a torrid time so far in 2016 with spot freight rate volatility reaching unprecedented levels, while unit industry income has fallen to record lows. There are distinct parallels between what is happening now and the depths of the 2008/09 global financial crisis. Drewry estimates that container carriers collectively signed away $10bn in revenue in this year’s contract rate negotiations on the two main East-West trades. With annual trans-Pacific contract rates as low as $800 per 40-foot to the U.S. West Coast and $1,800 per 40-foot to the U.S. East Coast, carriers have done exactly what they did back in May 2009 in a desperate attempt to retain market share.
With first quarter headhaul load factors at around 90 percent, there was no logical reason for carriers to sign so much revenue away in one fell swoop. While spot rates on the core trades have significantly improved after the 1 July GRIs, it is still too early to say if carriers have suddenly changed their approach to commercial pricing.
The recent decision by the G6 lines to take a weekly loop out of the Asia-North Europe trade is a positive move. But similarly pragmatic and proactive measures will be necessary across other sick trades if recent improvements are to gain momentum. While the new alliance structures are bedding-in between now and April 2017, this work will take some time yet.
Indeed, after some good repair work in the Asia-to-East Coast South America trade, which improved spot rates from a lowly $100 to $200 per 40-foot back up to over $2,500 per box, the industry can only wait and see what happens elsewhere.
Neil Dekker, Drewry’s director of container research, said: “For 2017, Drewry anticipates a slightly brighter picture with global freight rates forecast to improve by about 8 percent. Carriers are expected to take some action to address overcapacity as cash flow attrition becomes more urgent and beneficial cargo owner rates rise from this year’s lows. But once again, this cannot be seen as a genuine recovery since these so-called improvements must be set in context against the unnecessarily big rate declines seen in both 2015 and 2016."
