Most analysts still rely heavily on statistical averages because it's easy to do and it's what they've always done, yet this 'deterministic' approach ignores the variability that underlies nearly every aspect of transportation. Averages rarely reflect reality, so strategic planning should utilize a 'stochastic' approach that's based on calculated probabilities. The latest transportation modeling technology allows for combined stochastic optimization and simulation, which allows analysts to incorporate known variability in developing the transportation policy. By taking variability into account you're able to create an operationally-resilient transportation policy that reflects the reality of an ever-changing world.

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